Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a systemic disease. It has become the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among females worldwide. The etiology of breast cancer is multi-factorial, especially in high-risk individuals. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases originated from the breast. While the risk factors associated with this cancer varies with respect to other cancers, genetic predisposition, most notably mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene, is an important causative factor for this malignancy.

Signaling Pathway:

Several signaling pathways contributes to breast cancer development and pathogenesis. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway, PI3K/AKT, Calcium, Notch, JAK/STAT and Hedgehog Signaling pathways were reported to play a central role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.

Induction of Breast Cancer

Subcutaneous injection of Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) dissolved in soybean oil, at dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight twice/week in the mammary gland of female rats.