Monoclonal antibodies can be produced in specialized cells through a technique now popularly known as hybridoma technology. Hybridoma technology was discovered in 1975 by two scientists, Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein of Argentina who were awarded the 1984 Noble prize for physiology and medicine. 

Monoclonal antibodies or specific antibodies are an essential tool of much biomedical research and are of great commercial and medical value. For instance, monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas are used for the identification of ABO blood groups. Thus the diagnostic and screening value of the monoclonal antibodies through serological tests has been demonstrated. Besides the use of monoclonal in identification of blood groups in UK (UK blood typing), following three uses for monoclonal are described, although, only the first two of these make a definite market at present:

(I) Diagnosis (including ELISA test for detection of viruses and imaging),

(ii) Immunopurification

(iii) Therapy.